Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an important joint in the body that connects the lower jawbone to the skull. This joint functions similarly to a spring hinge, allowing the jaw to move up and down, as well as from side to side, enabling us to chew food and speak. However, sometimes problems may arise in this joint, leading to what is known as “temporomandibular joint disorders” (TMD).
What are temporomandibular joint disorders?
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that affect the TMJ and the surrounding muscles. These disorders can cause severe pain in the jaw, face, neck, or even the ears. Although the exact cause of these disorders is often unknown, the symptoms are usually temporary and can be managed with non-surgical treatments.
Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Symptoms of TMD vary from person to person, but the most common symptoms include
Pain in the TMJ or the muscles controlling jaw movement.
Pain radiating to the face or neck.
Difficulty opening or closing the mouth, or “locking” of the jaw.
Clicking or popping sounds in the joint when opening or closing the mouth.
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), hearing loss, or dizziness.
Changes in how the upper and lower teeth fit together.
It is important to note that sounds such as clicking or popping without pain are not necessarily an indication of a problem, as they are often a normal occurrence.
Causes of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Between the bones of the TMJ, there is a cartilage disc that prevents the bones from rubbing against each other. TMD can occur due to problems with this disc or the bones of the joint itself. The most common causes include:
Displacement of the cartilage disc: This happens when the disc slips out of place or wears down.
Joint inflammation: Inflammation can lead to damage of the soft tissues and bones of the joint.
Trauma or injury: Direct blows or injuries to the joint can cause damage.
Muscle tension: In some cases, muscle tension, genetic factors, or issues with the alignment of the teeth can be contributors, even when no clear cause is identified.
Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
There is no single test used to diagnose TMD. Therefore, the diagnosis relies on the symptoms reported by the patient, a clinical examination by a doctor or dentist, and some medical imaging tests, such as
Medical history and symptoms review: The doctor will ask about the location of pain, when it occurs, and what increases or decreases it.
Clinical examination: This includes checking the jaw, neck, and face for swelling, pain, or movement problems.
Imaging: X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans may be used to evaluate the condition of the joint and the surrounding bones.
Treatment for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Non-Surgical Treatments
Most treatments for TMD begin with non-surgical options, including
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy aims to improve joint and jaw mobility through exercises that enhance muscle flexibility and strength.
Medications: Doctors may recommend medications such as pain relievers and muscle relaxants to alleviate pain and inflammation.
Joint Injections: Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation or Botox injections to alleviate muscle spasms may be suggested.
Oral Appliances: Devices like a night guard or splints are worn over the teeth to protect the joint and reduce pressure on the jaw.
Surgical Treatment
In some cases, surgery may be needed. Dr. Jehad Al Sukhun performs a minimally invasive procedure where a small incision is made above the TMJ to introduce surgical tools and a scope, allowing for the adjustment of muscles, bones, and ligaments of the joint as needed. This type of surgery involves minimal intervention and has a faster recovery time than traditional surgeries.
Home Tips for Relieving Symptoms
Patients can implement some home remedies to help alleviate symptoms, such as
Eating soft foods: This reduces stress on the joint while chewing.
Applying heat or cold compresses: Warm or cold compresses can help ease pain.
Avoiding bad habits: Refraining from clenching the jaw, chewing gum, or biting nails can help prevent further strain on the joint.
Using pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain medications may provide temporary relief.
Temporomandibular joint disorders are common health problems that can cause pain and discomfort, but they are typically temporary and manageable through both non-surgical and surgical treatments offered by Dr. Jehad Al Sukhun.
If you experience symptoms of TMD, don’t hesitate to contact us for a consultation to receive the appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
